Review on the Monk Who Sold His Ferrari free essay sample

Are you ready to get success in whatever the goal you have set? Are you ready to achieve your dream with confidence and commitment? Do you really want to achieve what you dreamt for? It does not matter what you want to achieve but willpower and importance of your dream in your life are matter for achieving of goal. Winners never quit and Those Who Quit Never Wins In the 1968 Olympics, John Stephen Akhwari of Tanzania started the race with the rest of the runners. However, he was alone when he reached the finishing line after the winner broke the finish line only a handful of viewers left in the stadium. Later, a reporter took his interview and asked why he didnt quit like the rest of the runners since the winner has already broken the finish line. He answered My country did not send me to the Olympics to start the race; they sent me here to finish it. We will write a custom essay sample on Review on the Monk Who Sold His Ferrari or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If we imply the same phenomenon in our life too, the key of success is that we should not quit Just because of one has finished the race, we must keep on moving and learning with our own experiences, it would definitely make us able to improve and run the race in better and stronger way next time. Most of the people do put their irm endeavours to move in the direction of their aims. However many people failed because of choosing an easier option that is quitting. Failure makes only procrastinate to success but quitting widens the gap between one and his aim or goal which becomes almost impossible for him to achieve. Quitting too much in the long run can turn oneself into an escapist. We always tend to work on our own comfort zones. The world would not be advanced because of those people who never thought of quitting when things do not turn out as what they have initially planned. Thomas A Edison discovered 10,000 ways. That ways did not work when he tried to invent the light bulb. He could have quitted long ago but never let his efforts down. He says: Many of lifes failures are people who did not realize how close they were to success when they gave up. With a persistent attitude, we would be able to accomplish anything. As it is being said sweat never goes in waste, any endeavour even if leading to a failure is the first step of reaching to success, one must not get disappointed by the strong winds of hard times, but must have killer instinct to fght with it and be triumphant. Failure is never permanent until the day we decide to quit and give up. Someone truly said Its never too late. So why to bother about the future pros and cons? A let go- attitude is required to give the boost to our own endeavours and must have pledge to accomplish our task with proud and dignity. Winners Never Quit By rsruthi Review on the Monk Who Sold His Ferrari By sviJayprabhakar The Monk Who Sold His Ferrari by robin sharMA A Fable About Fulfilling Your Dreams Reaching Your Destiny[pic], by Robin Sharma, is an interesting book † as the subtitle suggests, its a fable, and its one that will ertainly make you give some thought to your life, your goals, your dreams and how your daily habits help you reach those dreams. The author is a leadership expert and author, and he fills the book with a combination of life strategies. Many of these are useful, but whether they work in combination is the real question. Why I chose this book? I had no clue what this book was about or who Robin Sharma was until I received it as a proficiency prize in my second year of college. I was pretty disappointed that I had got a life skills book that would be boring and unimpressive because I was xpecting a book of fiction. One fine day I reluctantly opened the book and ran through its pages. On the due course I found it really captivating and inspirational. The author made it simple and interesting from the start till the end. The Fable The book takes the form of a fable about Julian Mantle, a high-profile attorney with a crazy schedule and a set of priorities that center around money, power and prestige. As such, Mantle represents the values of our society. The eleven chapters are meticulously planned and flow seamlessly from one to the next. Julian Mantle, a very uccessful lawyer was the epitome of success. He had achieved everything most of us could ever want: professional success with an seven fgure income, a grand mansion in a neighborhood inhabited by celebrities, a private Jet, a summer home on a tropical island and his prized possession a shiny red Ferrari parked in the center of his driveway. Suddenly he has to come terms with the unexpected effects of his unbalanced lifestyle. John, who is a friend as well as co-worker of Julian, narrates the story. He begins by describing Julians flamboyant lifestyle, his exaggerated ourtroom theatrics, which regularly made the front pages of newspapers and his late night visits to the citys finest restaurants with sexy young models. Julian Mantle, the great lawyer collapses in the courtroom, sweating and shivering. His obsession with work has caused this heart attack. The last few years Julian had worked day and night without caring about his mental and physical health. That helped him become a very rich and successful lawyer but took a toll on his health and mental state. At fifty-three he looked seventy and had lost his sense of humor. Julian refused to meet any of his friends and colleagues at the hospital. One fine day he quit his law firm and took off without saying where he was headed. Three years passed without any news from Julian. One day he paid a visit to his friend and former colleague John, who was now a cynical older lawyer. But Julian, in the past three years, had been miraculously transformed into a healthy man with physical vitality and spiritual strength. his heart attack Julian Mantle had sold all his property (Yes, his Ferrari too) and left for India. The author tells us about Julians Indian dyssey, how he met the sages of Sivana who had a life changing effect on him. Julian Mantle shares his story of transformation, his secrets of a happy and fulfilling life the land of rose covered huts, placid blue waters with white lotuses floating, youth and vitality, beautiful glowing faces, fresh and exotic fruits. He tells John about the sages of Sivana who knew all secrets of how to live life happily and how to fulfill ones dreams and reach ones destiny. The Concepts The core of the book is the Seven Virtues of Enlightened Learning, which Mantle reveals one by one. Now, although the book presents them as actual Virtues learned from Himalayan gurus, its important to remember as you read that these are made up by the author † actually, he pulled them from other sources and put them together: 1) master your mind 2) follow your purpose 3) practice kaizen 4) live with discipline 5) respect your time 6) selflessly serve others 7) embrace the present Each of these Virtues is discussed in some detail in separate chapters, each of them with a number of concepts and habits to develop. Most of them are very inspiring and potentially very useful. After reading the book, I incorporated several of them into my life, including the ones that involve positive thinking, visualizing goals and more. Again, these are not new concepts, and have been discussed in many other books, but the book presents a great collection of useful concepts that you might want to try out. The Problem After reading the book, I began to outline each of the Seven Virtues, because I was confused about all the action steps the book recommends taking. The truth is, each of the Seven Virtues encompasses a bunch of daily habits, and incorporating all of them into your life would be cumbersome. And some of them seem to me to be conflicting. As an example of the large number of habits in every virtue, here are the ones I have listed for the first virtue, Master your mind: Habit: Find positive in every circumstance; dont Judge events as good or bad, but experience them, celebrate them and learn from them. Habit: The heart of the rose: find a silent place and a fresh rose. Stare at the heart of the rose, the inner petals, concentrating on the folds of the flower, the texture, etc push away other thoughts that come to you. Start with 5 minutes a day, stretch it to 20. It will be your oasis of peace. Habit: 10 minutes of reflection on your day, and how to improve your next day. Habit: Opposition thinking take every negative thought that comes into your mind and turn it into a positive one. First, be aware of your thoughts. Second, appreciate that as easily as negative thoughts enter, they can be replaced with positive ones. So think of the opposite of the negative ones. Instead of being gloomy, concentrate on being happy and energetic. Habit: Secret of the lake. Take a few deep breaths and relax. Then envision your dreams becoming a reality. Picture vivid images of hat you want to become. Then they will become reality. And thats Just with the first virtue. Each one has a number of habits to develop, and theyre not listed out like IVe done here. If you tried to incorporate all of the habits in the book, your day would be very busy indeed. Also, I would recommend only trying to adopt one at a time † more The monk who sold his Ferrari is a tale, which provides an approach to living a simple life with greater balance, strength, courage and abundance of Joy. The fable format is a refreshing change from the tiresome listing of all the good things we ould do for ourselves but do not. It makes the message being conveyed linger in our minds. Although most of the principles dealt with can be found in countless other books on self-help and spirituality, there is a difference in the way of Sharma has put things together. Everyone on this planet is a wonder of this world. Every one of us is a hero in some way or another. Every one of us has the potential for extraordinary achievement, happiness and lasting fulfillment. All it takes are small steps in the direction of our dreams. Like the Taj Mahal, a life overflowing with wonders is built ay by day, block by block. Small victories lead to large victories. Tiny, incremental changes and improvements such as those I have suggested will create positive habits. Positive habits will create results. And results will inspire you towards greater personal change. Begin to live each day as if it was your last. Starting today, learn more, laugh more and do what you truly love to do. Do not be denied your destiny. For what lies behind you and what lies in front of you matters little when compared to what lies within you. The essence of the story is give time for yourself, do not work t break-neck speed, consider your health, and live a fulfilling life. For the reader who might be in the rat race for material success and money, this book might be food for thought. But the message is a trifle too clich ©d and the lectures too pedantic for the reader who is more or less conversant with the principles and insights garnered by Julian Mantle from the sages of Sivana. The presentation in the form of a story redeems the book to some extent. The book might perhaps be more satisfactory for readers who are unfamiliar with and hungry for oriental wisdom. All in all, a book of wisdom.

Social Class and Stratification

Social Class and Stratification Introduction The recent rise in crime incidents highlights the social problem of youth crime in the Western countries, including the United States. While the rise in crime rates can be attributed to many factors, the broader economic and social forces shape youth crime in these countries. In particular, factors such as social inequality, poverty, and social exclusion influence, directly or indirectly, most of the criminal activities and youth violence.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Social Class and Stratification specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the same context, White and Cunneen in the chapter, ‘Social Class, Youth Crime and Justice’ discuss these social problems and their implications for policy. The discussion in the chapter revolves around two main issues: the impact of social class on youth criminalization and the impact of globalization on social inequality. The authors argue that the prevail ing social and economic structures are creating an â€Å"impoverished and socially disadvantaged† youth contributing to a rise in crime (White, and Cunneen 17). A connection between social exclusion, economic inequality and the rise in crime is established in this chapter. The problem of social exclusion and economic inequality, influence the youth criminal tendencies. Social Class and Crime Tendencies The chapter provides an analysis on how social classes arise among the youthful population. Most importantly, it enhances our understanding of how social stratification arises in a political, social and economic context especially with regard to the formulation of legislations and distribution of resources. This entrenches class exclusion in two ways; economically and through biased criminalization practices. The class issue among the youth depends highly on resource availability at family or community level. The resources allow the family or community to provide adequate socia l support to the young people, which in turn reduce their tendency to engage in crime. In particular, resource availability determines the youth lifestyles, their level of education and their type of employment. However, the state, the market and the social networks influence resource availability hence their impact on social class. Most notable is their impact on youth employment. Most often, the problem of youth unemployment breeds other social problems especially crime. The prevalent political and economic factors lead to increased economic polarization between the rich and the poor. As a result, most communities are increasingly becoming impoverished characterized by high unemployment rates among the young people (White, and Cunneen 19). The current restructuring in the labor market coupled with an economic slowdown has had devastating effects on employment opportunities that increase youth crime.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The chapter examines the relationship between economic inequality and criminal tendencies among the youth in industrialized nations. This helps to understand the reason why violent crimes are committed by youth from poor economic backgrounds or minority communities. Consequently, justice system screening of the young people emphasizes on economic and social characteristics of the offender ethnic community. In light of this, the authors argue that criminal tendency in young people is not only dependent on prevalent economic and social inequalities but also on the processes of criminalization of marginalized youth by the state agencies (White, and Cunneen 22). State intervention through social support programs tends to be disproportionate, which has a damaging effect on marginalized groups. This entrenches the practice of social exclusion among economically disadvantaged youth. Social Aspects of Youth Offending The auth ors identify two aspects of offending among the youth in the chapter: unemployment and poverty. The authors argue that for a proper understanding of the extent of offending in a particular location, the analysis of the two social aspects is crucial. Further, the authors explain that youthful offending is a result of the interplay of social factors specific to a social group such as unemployment or inequality. Instead, factors such as societal influence on youth behavior and demographic factors such as the high number of unemployed youth determine the patterns of youthful offending in a particular community. In particular, a high number of unemployed youth in a particular geographic location entrenches social exclusion. In addition, certain neighborhoods, characterized by high unemployment and poor housing and perceived as crime prone, frequently face repressive government interventions (White, and Cunneen 24). Additionally, crime-prone neighborhoods influence the tendency of the you ng people to engage in offending behavior. In this regard, community context influences the social exclusion and criminalization of disadvantaged youth.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Social Class and Stratification specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The chapter also discusses the negative perception of the marginalized groups as being morally corrupt especially by the criminal justice agencies. The young people from low economic and social classes are perceived as crime prone and deserve reformation. As a result, they face stiff coercive state interventions, which serve to reinforce the aspects of social inequality. The authors also argue that criminalization and state coercive actions often involve some form of geographical segregation. This group faces repressive interventions to deter antisocial behavior instead of social support interventions. The authors highlight the implications of social exclusion on social identity, among the youth. Marginalization of the youth based on economic and social factors leads to disintegration of social connections that lead to loss of social identity. Lack of resources and prevalent criminalization affects the social networks. The high youth unemployment coupled by exclusion from mainstream economic activity means that the youth cannot engage in any legal consumptive activities. Consequently, the youth engage in antisocial alternative economic activities, which lead to loss of social identity. Further, the authors explain the implications of social exclusion on social policy. They single out the concentration of the economically disadvantaged in one location as responsible for high crime rates in these neighborhoods. Even in times of restructuring in the labor market or economic recessions, the ethnic minority face the worst effects through job losses and deterioration of basic infrastructure and amenities (White, and Cunneen 25). Consequently, the neighbo rhood develops a poor reputation including that of a high zone. For the youth in these neighborhoods, opportunities become increasingly limited. This contributes to the rise in crime and illegal economic activities. In my opinion, understanding of this chapter is particularly relevant to criminology in many ways. In particular, the relationship between social exclusion and crime is essential in management of crime among the youth. Intervention efforts should focus on enhancing economic equality and creating employment opportunities to mitigate the effects of social exclusion.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition, misperceptions and criminalization by intervention agencies only serve to increase criminal tendencies and anti-social behaviors among the youth. In my view, therefore, interventions should focus on social support to improve the youth’s economic welfare as well as reduce social exclusion. Conclusion The chapter mainly highlights the class issue among the young people and the relevance of the state intervention policies. In essence, the economic structures in industrialized economies propagate social exclusion of minorities. Additionally, the state support efforts often involve criminalization and misperceptions, which advances social inequality and exclusion of youth from poor neighborhoods. This serves to increase crime as the young people lack employment or opportunities to advance themselves. Work Cited White, Rob, and Cunneen, Chris. â€Å"Social Class, Youth Crime and Justice.† In Barry Goldson and John Muncie, (Ed.), Youth Crime and Justice. London: Sage publications, 2006.

Air Pollution and Global Warming on Aboriginals - Free Samples

Climate change is one of the issues germinated through the diabolical policy problem around the world. Rapid growth of the industries and the capital boom in the world market has leading to deterioration in the air pollution, which ultimately causing global warming (Knibbs and Sly 2014). One of the most threatened groups of indigenous population lives in Australia who is seemed to be suffering from the adverse effect of the climate change (Scarano and Ceotto 2015). Under this stringent condition of the aboriginals around the world, this report is aimed to consider the effect of the air pollution and the global warming on the indigenous population of the Australian population. According to the intergovernmental Panel on Climate change’s Third Assessment Report (TAR) it has been found that the Australian aboriginals are one of the two most threatened indigenous groups in the world that has been suffering heavily due to the adverse effect of the climate change (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2015). Now, the irony is that, there have been plenty of researches on the environment and development issues in Australia during last thirteen years; however most of them are concerned about the climate change laws of Australia other than the northern territories and fragmented in nature. Previous researches have failed to provide any long term engagement program between the community and government, which can assess the climate change and global warming effect on the Australian aboriginals (Race et al. 2016). Thus, this research is aimed to assess the effect of air pollution and global warming on the aboriginal of Australia through comparative analysi s of population living in northern region of the country with the non indigenous population of Australia. Over the time various foreign communities has came to the Australia and captured the land of the aboriginal people during the seventeenth century (Gilbert 2016). Since then, indigenous people have shifted to the northern territory of Australian and non indigenous population has exploited the country’s natural resource to a great extent leading to air pollution and global warming. According to Flora (2018), there has been various researches regarding the challenges and issues faced by the non indigenous population due to air pollution and global warming, however very few has addressed the case of indigenous population. There are more than 100,000 Australian indigenous people who presently live in remote areas of the country, whose majority section can be found in the Northern territory of the Australia and according to the TAR report their health condition and resource availability is getting deteriorated day by day (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2015). Under this s cenario, this research is essential for assessing the magnitude of the effect of air pollution and global warming from the point of view of the Australian indigenous population, The potential threat to the existence of aboriginal peoples is at stake due to the institutional and legal barriers raised through the various governmental programs regarding the environment and development. Under the purview of the situation of the Australian indigenous populations, this research is aimed to discuss the effect of air pollution and global warming on the aboriginal population of Australia. Flora, C.B., 2018.  Rural communities: Legacy+ change. Routledge. Gilbert, J., 2016.  Indigenous Peoples' Land Rights under International Law. Brill. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2015.  Climate change 2014: mitigation of climate change  (Vol. 3). Cambridge University Press. Knibbs, L.D. and Sly, P.D., 2014. Indigenous health and environmental risk factors: an Australian problem with global analogues?.  Global health action,  7(1), p.23766. Race, D., Mathew, S., Campbell, M. and Hampton, K., 2016. Understanding climate adaptation investments for communities living in desert Australia: experiences of indigenous communities.  Climatic Change,  139(3-4), pp.461-475. Scarano, F.R. and Ceotto, P., 2015. Brazilian Atlantic forest: impact, vulnerability, and adaptation to climate change.  Biodiversity and Conservation,  24(9), pp.2319-2331 Green, D. and Minchin, L., 2014. Living on climate-changed country: Indigenous health, well-being and climate change in remote Australian communities.  EcoHealth,  11(2), pp.263-272. Hugo, G. and Wall, J., 2015. Climate change and environmental influences on australia’s population distribution.  Health of People, Places and Planet: Reflections based on Tony McMichael’s four decades of contribution to epidemiological understanding, p.177. Maru, Y.T., Race, D., Sparrow, A., Mathew, S. and Chewings, V., 2015. Adaptation as a trigger for transformation pathways in remote Indigenous communities. In  Innovation in the Rangelands, Australian Rangeland Society 18th Biennial Conference. Schwerdtle, P., Bowen, K. and McMichael, C., 2018. The health impacts of climate-related migration.  BMC medicine,  16(1), p.1. Spencer, B., Lawler, J., Lowe, C., Thompson, L., Hinckley, T., Kim, S.H., Bolton, S., Meschke, S., Olden, J.D. and Voss, J., 2017. Case studies in co-benefits approaches to climate change mitigation and adaptation.  Journal of environmental planning and management,  60(4), pp.647-667.

The Role of Lead Users in New Product Development Essay

The Role of Lead Users in New Product Development - Essay Example This paper discusses that given the dynamic environment within which the marketing activity is carried out, there is no gain saying the fact that product innovation occupy a very prime position in the quest to maintain relevance in the market of a modern economy. As the report stresses lead users maybe defined as a sample population of a manufacturers intended market, who get to use a new product before it is actually launched in the market and name generally available to every would be user. A very important indicator of the health of a company is its customer satisfaction index. This all important indicator can be known only after a thorough market analysis, which can be achieved when the lead users approach is adopted. The ultimate aim in the mind of manufacturers is to make sales and by extensions make profit considering that more sales is a strong indicator of a company’s performance at any given time. Lead users aid market research because it results in systematic gathering, recording and analysis of every data concerning the response of the consumers to the new product. These are the potential customer base of the company and how they react is an indicator of market tendencies and effective business plans can then be created by the manufacturers. The most likely portion of the population to patronize the products are exposed via this approach to market analysis. At a very early stage product downsides are discovered and improved upon.

Individual reflection about a presentation(denmark Coursework

Individual reflection about a presentation(denmark - Coursework Example In an article written by Katzenbach and Smith (1993), The discipline of teams, there is an interesting exerpt, â€Å"When individuals approach a team situation, especially in a business setting, each has preexisting job assignments as well as strengths and weaknesses reflecting a variety of talents, backgrounds, personalities, and prejudices† (p. 168). The strength of our team was a powerful one. Though we had problems trying to meet each other due to distances we were able to put in our efforts and do our best. We were able to communicate with each other and each member was able to contribute to making our project succes. We understood each others weaknesses and we overcame those weaknesses by working together. This project had given us a positive experience that neither of us will soon forget. Though we only met four times during the making of our project I would like to experience this form of comradery again. We have accomplished a lot in such a small amount of time. The w eaknesses our group had were not based on an inability to get along. In actuality, we worked diligently and strived together. The problem was our distances from each other as well as our schedule. There are things that we are obligated to do in life such as work. Jobs and family life must take a priority and on the other hand, making a schedule to meet up together was difficult. Because of all of our different schedules we needed to set up a specific time and place to meet. Two of our group members live in London and us other two live far from each other as well. But even though the distance was large we were all able to meet up as scheduled. There were many difficulties trying to get our work done and it was sometimes overwhelming but we learned to compromise with each other to get the work done. As a team leader it took me much effort to have the group run successfully.We met up on February 15th for our first meeting. During that time I assigned divided the project so that each te am member would have a part and I took the first one which was about the background of Denmark. When we had to work on the part about Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions, we separated the part into pairs. During our second meeting on the 17th, we were able to begin our PowerPoint. On the 22nd we finalized the PowerPoint and organized it to make it sound perfect. And finally, on the 23rd we spent hours upon hours reciting and practicing our presentation. Before our presentation we had practiced ruthlessly. We were proud that our efforts had given fruition to our success. During my time as the group leader I had to coach everybody in the team. I encouraged everyone to think hard about the work we have done. I was able to learn a lot from my team members. I have learned that communication skills are important when working towards a common goal. As De Janasz-Dowd-Schneider (2005, pg. 195) put it, everyone should participate and take responsibility on what he or she has to do. The key to all of this is communication. If a team member is having issues, we should assist the best way we can. Without proper communication we would have had a hard time working together. We were able to tackle this project with our hard work and understanding of each others’

Shah Walliullah Essay Example for Free

Shah Walliullah Essay History itself stands evident to the fact that whenever Islam was in danger, by any agency or enemy, it was saved by such personalities who through their spiritual power not only saved it but also gave it a new life. The movement of Shah Wali Ullah was the first in the Subcontinent that aimed at socio-economic and politico – religious reformation of the degenerated Muslim society. * Introduction Hazrat Shah waliullah was born on 21st February 1703 in Delhi. He was born during the reign of Aurangzeb. He worked for the revival of Islamic rule and intellectual learning in South Asia, during a time of waning Muslim power.The original name of Shah Waliullah was Qutbuddin and his fathers name was Shah Abdul Raheem. Shah Waliullah had a son and 5 daughters from his first wife. His second wife bore him four sons:Shah Abdul Aziz Muhaddis Dehlvi, Shah Rafiuddin, Shah Abdul Qadir, and Shah Abdul Ghani. Shah Waliullah was, perhaps, the only Muslim scholar of Mediaeval India who realized the importance of economics in a social and political set-up. He advocated the maintenance of economic equilibrium in the society and strongly criticized the accumulation of wealth which leads to all sorts of evils in the world. He had visualized a social order based on economic equality, fraternity and brotherhood which are the principles governing Islamic socialist practices during the time of the pious Caliphs. Shah Waliullah visualized an ideal state of the days of the Pious Caliphs and strove to it. Analyzing his political thought, Iqbal states: The Prophetic method of teaching, according to Shah Waliullah is that, generally speaking, the law revealed by a prophet takes especial notice of the habits, ways and peculiarities of the people to whom he is specifically sent. The Prophet who aims at all-embracing principles, however, can neither reveal different peoples nor leave them to work out their own rules of conduct. His method is to train one particular people and to use it as a nucleus for the build up of a universal `Shariah. In doing so, he accentuates the principles underlying the social life of all mankind and applies them to concrete cases in the light of the specific habits of the  people immediately before him. * Early Education Shah Waliullah received his education at Madrasa Rahimiyya. His father was his teacher and source of spiritual guidance.He was a man of letters. He commenced his studies at the age of five and completed the recitation and memorization of the Quran by the age of seven. Thereafter, he commenced primary lessons in Persian and Arabic, which were completed in a year. Then, he studied the grammar and syntax of Persian and Arabic. He completed his studies in philosophy and theologyat the age of fifteen and then commenced his studies in mantiq, fiqh, hadith, tibb, algebra,mathematics, kalaam, spirituality, mysticism, oratory and metaphysics under his father. Thereafter, he was inducted into the tradition of bayat by his father and, by the age of seventeen, he was permitted to provide spiritual guidance to and reform his fellow [[Muslims, he became a mudarris (teacher) atMadrasa Rahimiyya. He held this position for twelve years. Then, in 1731, Shah Waliullah performed Hajj. He reached Makkah on May 21 and performed Hajj, after which he proceeded to Medina. There, he attended Shaikh Abu Tahir Muhammad bin Ibrahim Kurdi Madanis discourses on hadith. Shah Waliullah studied Sihah Sitta, Muatta Imam Malik, Masnad Daarmi, and Imam Muhammads Al Asaarunder him. Thereafter, he returned to Makkah, performed another Hajj, studied Al-Muwatta Imam Malikfor a second time under Shaikh Wafadullah Maliki Makki, and attended the discourses of ShaikhTajuddin Hanafi Qalai Makki on Sihah Sitta. Then, he was permitted to teach all of the kitabs of hadithby Shaikh Tajuddin. Thereafter, Shah Waliullah returned to India. His journey back to India lasted six months and he reached Delhi on January 1, 1733. * Achievements and Services After he had performed his second hajj, he returned to Delhi. He started his work in earnest. This was in a period when Muslims in India were passing through the most critical phase of their history and their entire social, political, economic and spiritual fabric was torn to pieces. On his arrival in Delhi, he started to train his pupils in diverse branches of Islam and entrusted them with the mission of enlightening people with the true nature of Islam. He embarked upon the task of authoring standard works on Islam and was able to complete a number of works on Islam. Shah Waliullah rose to be  an eminent scholar of Islamic studies. He was a prominent intellectual figure whose mission was to reform the Muslims he saw as misguided. His activities were not confined to spiritual and intellectual spheres only. He lived in troubled times and witnessed a number of rulers occupying the throne of Delhi. With his keen political insight, he observed the deterioration of Muslim rule in India and wrote to a number of political dignitaries to attempt to bolster the political life of Muslims in India. He established several branches of Madrasa Rahimiyya in Delhi in order to effectively disseminate his knowledge. * Reforms Religious Reforms a) Translation of the Holy Quran Shah Wali Ullah was the first in the subcontinent who translated the Holy Quran into Persian language for better understanding of the holy book. b) Explanation of Muatta †¢ The life and traditions of prophets were the second source of Islamic teachings. †¢ He established schools for the study of Hadith. †¢ He selected â€Å"Imam Malikis Muatta† as the most authentic collection of the Hadith. c) Synthesis of different schools of thought He wrote â€Å"Al-Insaf-fi-Bayan Sahab al Ikhtalaf,† in order to create a balance between the four schools of thought. His object was to alleviate the deteriorating condition of the Muslim society and to defend it from external threats. d) Emphasis on Ijtehad Shah Wali Ullah was the first person to emphasize the importance of Ijtehad for the solution of intricate problems in every day life. e) Efforts for the Revival of Islam He was against the limited universality of the a pplications of the injunctions of the Quran. He tried to resolve the controversies among various schools of thoughts and gave a new life to the spirit of Islam. Promotion of Madarras Rahimiya He rendered great services to Islam by the promotion of Madarrasah Rahimiya. Economic Reforms In his famous book â€Å"Hijjat-ul-Balagh,† he pointed out that social and economic factors were responsible for the problems in human society. The working and poor class was being exploited but the noble, ulema and rulers were being fed on the public treasury without performing their corresponding duties. Shah Wali Ullah raised his voice for: †¢ Economic equilibrium †¢ Removal of inequalities †¢ Equitable distribution of resources He appealed to the classes concerned responsible to realize their responsibilities and duties towards the people. Political Reforms Shah Wali Ullah wrote many letters to  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Ahmad Shah Abdali† and encouraged Najib-ud-Daula of Bengal to help him save the Muslim Community from the Marhattas. He gave a crushing defeat to the Marhattas at Panipat. The occasion was the culmination of Shah Wali Ullahs political efforts. Social Reforms He emphasized on all basic rights such as free dispensation of justice, equality, brotherhood, etc. * Shah waliullah’s 4 basic principles of economics Shah Waliullah has discussed about the four basic principles of economics; such as Production of wealth, consumption of wealth, distribution of wealth, exchange of wealth. The whole nation is participant in the production of wealth, so it should be distributed in the whole nation. He established the principles for distribution of wealth among people as well as the values that how the wealth should be consumed. That economic system is successful which establishes the principles for these four branches. * The first principle is that people living in specific geographic boundaries has the right over the resourcesof that area. That economic system in which all the people are equal no single person or specific class can get hold of the resources. He has narrated Hazrat Abu Bakkar Siddique in Aizaalatul Khifa â€Å"Equality is better in economics than giving priority to one group over other. * Second principle is that everybody has the right to have limited owner ship as the abilities of every individual are different. Not that the whole nation should have same clothing, food and houses. * Third principle is that any practice which concentrates wealth in certain hands will not be tolerated and the system will oppose it. * Fourth principle is that such a balance should be maintained in these factors that society develop as a whole. Shah waliullah stressed on the creation of a party on such principles which will end the outmoded system and built a new system which ensures the development of society as a whole * Literary career Shah Waliullah was a prolific writer. In the realm of Islam, he produced a number of memorable literary works and, within a period of thirty years, he wrote a total of fifty-one works of merit, twenty-eight inArabic and twenty-three in Persian. Some of these are still unsurpassed in the domain of Islamic literature. His most valuable service to Islam was that he codified the vast store of Islam under separate heads. Both in thought and  prediction, his works occupy an outstanding position. His works can be classified into six categories. The first deals with the Quran. It includes his translation of the Quran into Persian. According to him, the object of studying the Quran is to reform human nature and correct wrong beliefs and injurious actions. The second category deals with hadith, in which he has left behind several works such as commentaries on Al-Muwatta Imam Malik in bothArabic and Persian. Shah Waliullah also wrote a number of works and pamphlets on hadith. The third category deals with fiqah or Islamic jurisprudence, which includes lnsaaf fi Bayaan-e-Sahoobul Ikhtilaf, a brief yet informative history of Islamic jurisprudence over the five centuries before his life. The fourth category deals with mysticism. The fifth category pertains to his works on Muslim philosophy andkalaam. He also wrote a pamphlet on the principles of ijtihad (independent interpretation) and taqlid(conformity). In his principles of ijtihad, he clarifies whether it is obligatory for a Muslim to adhere to one of the four schools of Islamic jurisprudence or whether he can exercise his own judgment. Shah Waliullahs greatest work is Hujjatullahil Baligha, which deals with such aspects of Islam that are common among all of the Muslim countries. The sixth category deals with his works on the problems between Shias and Sunnis. His theories pertaining to economics and socialism are of revolutionary nature. The miserable condition of Indian Muslims inspired him to improve their character, raise their morale, and inculcate a feeling of selflessness and love for their fellows in them. He overhauled the educational system and separated faith from unlawful invented traditions and unnecessary and unwanted suspicions regarding Islam. He presented what he considered pure and pristine Islam to people. extensively on several Islamic topics. His literary masterpieces are as follows: 1. Fathur Rahman fi Tarjumatul Qur’an: A translation of the Quran into Persian. A collection of 40ahadith which are brief yet of inclusive character. * Al Irshad ila Muhim 2. Al Faudhul Kabir fi Usoolut Tafsir: A booklet in Persian that follows his Persian translation of the Quran. It contains the nucleus of the Quran, the rules of interpretation, and interpretations of the Quran by various eminent scholars. 3. Hujjatullahil Baligha: Shah Waliullahs greatest literary work. Its title is derived from the Quran (Suratul Anaam:149). It  is a two-volume Arabic manuscript and elaborates about the jurisprudence from the hadith and necessities of the Shari’a. A partial list of the rest of his works is as follows: 1. Arbaeen (Arabic): matul Ilmul Isnad (Arabic): This work is about the scholars of Hijaz who taught Shah Waliullah. 2. Izalatul Khafaan Khilafatul Khulafa . The book is in persian and has been translated in Urdu as well.It endeavors to prove the soundness of the Islamic governance of the Khulfa-e- Rashideen (First four Islamic Caliphs) and also illuminates the salient features of an Islamic state[1] 3. At Tayyabul Naghm fi Madh-e-Sayyidul Arab wal Ajam (Arabic): A collection of odes eulogizing Muhammad, which display Shah Waliullahs poetic talent and love towards Muhammad. 4. Altaaful Quds: This woark deals with esoteric principles of mysticism. 5. Al Imdad fi Maathirul Ajdaad. A brochure outlining Shah Waliullah’s genealogical table and containing brief notices about some of his ancestors. 6. Al Intibah fi Salaasil ul Auliaullah .: A book which details the history of and a brief introduction to various mystic orders. 7. Insanul Ain fi Mashaaikhul Haramayn 8. Al Insaf fi Bayaanul Asbabul Ikhtilaf . This book discusses the sectarianism in Islam. It condemns the sectarian strife in Islamic societies and supports a moderate approach in dealing with sectarian issues. The movement of political as well as spiritual regeneration of Muslim India did not die with Shah Waliullah. His talented son, Shah Abdul Aziz, and his worthy disciples and successors, strove for the realization of his mission. The torch of Islamic revival kindled by Shah Waliullah was kept aloft by his worthy successors. The echo of the third battle of Panipat was heard in the battle of Balakot. Both form the landmarks of the same struggle. Shah Waliullah possessed a many-sided and versatile personality. His real greatness lies in the cumulative effect produced by his writings, by the contribution of persons trained by him and by the achievements of the school of thought founded by him. In religious matters, he struck a mean between extremes; in social affairs he strove to introduce in the Muslim society the simplicity and purity of early Islam; in the sphere of economics he advocated the revolutionary Islamic socialism and in the political field he forged a united Muslim front against the non-Muslim forces which were threatening to storm Muslim India.

Electronic Commerce :: Technology, Internet

Introduction The growth of Electronic commerce made easy with the disbelieving enhance in internet and the explosion of its procedure that is illustrated like the progress of selling and buying of products, information and service between the organizations and individuals all over computer networks including the internet (Laudon & traver, 2001). The internet has brought theoretical changes for business around the world. It has created a new business standard: e-commerce, in a cover article in the Atlantic magazine, the late (peter Drucker, 1999) wrote: â€Å"in the psychological natural features of e-commerce, remoteness has been removing. Ever business must be internationally competitive. The rivalry is not local anymore.† tactical assessment will result in to the best reward, while make an investment in online marketing (Scanlon, 2009). Communication with customers through the business order to made scheduling and maintaining can be costly and untimely. For example this kind of communication channels can be familiar collect significant customer feedback and to evaluate customer satisfaction, either they are contented or not. However; most consumers gather information on products, make cost comparisons and then go or visit a local store to make purchase. Internet marketing is becoming a more and more significant tactics for the company to promoting advertises and interact more customers online. This is especially true in the environment of Malaysia where internet shopping or online purchasing is still new and consumers are less familiar and often more sceptical towards online shopping, but slight is known about them. Therefore, to know and understand consumers need and want, it is very important for us to have a survey and study to find out the impact of the internet marketing in computer industry in Malaysia towards customer satisfaction (Ahasanul and Ali Khatibi, 2007). Connectivity has increased quickly in both developed and developing countries; with one of the greatest growing regions being Asia. Malaysia is spending $5 billion on building a Multimedia Super/great Corridor. In Malaysia, the development of Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC) has concerned much attention on the development and accomplishment of Multimedia. In this regard, the use of multimedia in marketing products and services had improved in the local business activities. It is highly presumed that online marketing services can support retailers in expanding new markets as well offering real time dealings and processing feedback. Despite this though, online sales or online marketing continue to develop as internet-based businesses become more complicated; indeed many users stay involved in online shopping.

Defining Abnormality Essay

Introduction Abnormal behavior comes from many different backgrounds of all ages, cultures and religions. Abnormal Psychology is made of all different factors and within those factors branch out into the abnormal behavior that is so many people. Personality is what shapes behavior and the cultural around a person no matter what age or religion can affect a person to start with abnormal behavior. In this paper one will find that age, cultural and religion does play a factor defining what abnormality is about. What is normal and what is abnormal behavior? Age Age is a huge factor in abnormal psychology and in defining and determining if there is normal or abnormal behavior being used. As we grow up and get older we change and we act differently, our age is a huge factor because with age we learn more and more and act differently and this can make our behaviors different as well and that is why age is a challenge to knowing if behavior is normal or abnormal. There are many challenges in determining normal from abnormal but age is definitely a big one and is looked at and considered before clarifying if a behavior is normal or abnormal. When looking at someone’s behavior and trying to distinguish if it is normal or abnormal we must look at their age as well. Behaviors that might be abnormal at one age group might not be abnormal in a different age group (ccvillage. buffalo. edu, N. A. ). Someone who is an adult and in their thirties is less likely to act immature or childish, it is not normal, compared to someone who is seven and a child still. If an abnormal behavior is found then age is looked at, if this child has an abnormal behavior will he or she grow out of it as they age or do they need help? These are a few things they look at and think about when age is involved. Age also determines whether or not a certain behavior can be trouble in the future. When trying to diagnosis someone’s behavior it is harder at a younger age and the age really needs to be looked at and taken into consideration to make sure that the behavior that is being diagnosed isn’t just something someone at that age might do. There are many challenges when diagnosing a behavior normal or abnormal but age is a big challenge that needs to be taken seriously and looked at carefully. Culture Culture and behavior are just like two clashing forces. What one side feels is a normal behavior, the other side may identify as an abnormal behavior. Imagine going into a country that you are not familiar with. Being exposed to different environment and different ways of life can be difficult, and can even test the comfort zone. One country may have a variety of foods to choose from, while the other one may offer what the land has to give like rice, bread and even rats and bugs. Aside from experiencing other cultures, there is also the case of finding abnormalities and judging between normal and abnormal within our own communities. Culture does not only include food differences, but can be a variety of other classifications like intelligence and social status. â€Å"Intelligence – there is a normal distribution of IQ scores. Those whose scores are 2 sd’s below the mean of 100 are, by this definition mentally retarded (i. e. : abnormal)† (Ccvillage. buffalo. edu, N. A. ). There could be a situation where an immigrant begins school in his new country, and automatically he is stereotyped as a less intelligent person because of his cultural background. Finally, there is also the social norm, which is what all the normal people classify themselves as. While children are advancing through grade school, they classify one another as normal or abnormal. The cool kids and the majority of the regular, less exciting kids would be classified amongst themselves as normal. The other children like the girl who picks her nose, the bad student in the classroom and sometimes even the really smart children would not fit amongst the social norm, and be classified as abnormal. â€Å"Someone who frequently violates these unwritten rules is seen as abnormal. This is a very powerful and persuasive definition. It is seemingly common-sense. Norms are so deeply ingrained they seem absolute† (Ccvillage. buffalo. edu, N. A. ). Religion Religion creates another dimension of defining normal and abnormal behavior. Religion adds the dimension of morality. Religions consider immoral behavior to be abnormal behavior, and each religion has its own definition of immoral behavior. Abnormal behavior is behavior that is considered unusual for any given culture, society, or religion. Some religions consider tattooing and piercing the body is abnormal behavior while some cultures require tattooing and piercing as a right of passage. A verse in the Bible states â€Å" Ye shall not make any cuttings in your flesh for the dead, nor print any marks upon you: I am the LORD. (Leviticus 19:28)† Many religions, such as Christianity, use this verse to prove that tattooing and piercing is abnormal behavior and that it is immoral, while some Muslims receive a tattoo as proof they visited Mecca. A major challenge involving religion and abnormal behavior involves the Roman Catholic Church and exorcism. According to Margoni, L, children who are abused, mistreated, or rejected by parents or siblings, may become possessed by an evil spirit and be in need of exorcism. The child might exhibit abnormal behavior by abusing drugs and alcohol, and may suffer from depression. A clinician would prescribe counseling and possibly medication for the child, and would be a very different treatment of the child than the child would receive from a priest. Many behaviors would be thought of as abnormal according to religious views, societal/ cultural and clinical views, but the treatment could be very different. Many churches offer counseling for psychological and emotional problems and offer help that is in agreement with the beliefs of that particular religion. Many other examples exist concerning the challenge of religion in defining abnormal behavior, and how religious beliefs sometimes contradict modern psychological views and science. Individuals must use common sense and seek out credible clinicians and religious leaders when in need of psychological help. Conclusion Normal and abnormal behavior can be explained through different situations where one can be able to determine what I normal and abnormal. Age may determine certain behavior, a cultural background may determine different beliefs that may give off different emotions and even religions can determine a different way of worship.

Haven Answers

Page 1, Questions 10-20: ———————— 1: A standard drink is: A 16-ounce beer B 12-ounce malt beverage C 6-ounce glass of wine ->D none of the above 2: As found in recent studies, people who think they are drinking alcohol (but are not) report: A feeling sad B feeling aggressive ->C finding other people more attractive D all of the above 3: Effects in judgment are caused by alcohol’s impact on which part of the brain: A nucleus accumbens ->B frontal lobes C hypothalamus D none of the above : How many standard drinks does it take before learning (the ability to take in new information) may be affected: ->A as few as one or two drinks B as few as two or three drinks C as few as three or four drinks D none of the above 5: Which of the following statements reflects what is generally found to be true on college campuses: A athletes tend to drink less than non-athletes B members of Greek-letter organizations tend to drink less than non-Greeks C underage students tend to drink less often than students of legal drinking age ->D none of the above : The possibility of alcohol having a long-term effect on the ability to learn and to make decisions is increased by: A drinking as teenagers B drinking as young adults C repeated heavy drinking ->D all of the above 7: Based on recent studies at American colleges, what percentage of students choose not to drink: A 5% B 10% C 15% ->D 20% 8: Which of the following factors increases the concentration of alcohol someone consumes from drinking one standard drink: A weighing more B eating certain foods ->C having less body water D none of the above : A blackout is: A passing out ->B not being able to form new memories about what happened when drinking C being able to remember what happened when prompted D none of the above 10: Which of the following is NOT true about hazing: A it is illegal in most states B it often involves alcohol ->C it is a good way to build unity among n ew members D a and c Page 2, Questions 10-20: ———————— 11: Alcohol’s negative effect on academic performance is because of: A interference with the ability to process new information B hangovers leading to missed classesC memory difficulty ->D all of the above 12: Someone would report experiencing energized or stimulated at the following blood alcohol concentration (even though in actuality their brain activity may be slowing down): ->A 0. 01-0. 05% B 0. 05-0. 10% C 0. 10-0. 15% D none of the above 13: Adolescent alcohol abusers have shown impairments in cognitive functions: A through the first 24 hours after their last drink B for at least 3 days after their last drink C for at least 1 week after their last drink ->D for at least 3 weeks after their last drink 4: Which of the following is a potential warning sign that someone is addicted to alcohol: A an increased tolerance to the effects of alcohol B experiencing black outs C drinking alone ->D all of the above 15: Women absorb alcohol faster than men because: A they tend to weigh less B they have less of a needed enzyme in their stomach C they have less body water ->D all of the above 16: If someone is showing signs of an alcohol overdose, you should: A have them take a cold shower ->B not leave them alone C get them something to eatD all of the above 17: Which of the following decreases the chances of an alcohol overdose: A eating before and during drinking B setting a personal limit of how many drinks will be consumed C alternating your drinks with non-alcoholic beverages ->D all of the above 18: High-risk drinking is defined as: A 4 or more drinks on an occasion for women B 5 or more drinking on an occasion for men C neither a or b ->D both a and b 19: Which part(s) of the brain, when impaired by alcohol, play an important role in learning: A nucleus accumbensB hypothalamus ->C hippocampus D all of the above 20: Which of the following is affec ted by alcohol consumption: A decision-making and judgment B motivation and attention C learning and memory ->D all of the above Page 2, Questions 20-30: ———————— 21: What percentage of alcohol consumed each year in the U. S. is consumed by people who are underage: A 10% B 15% ->C 20% D none of the above 22: Which of the following statements is NOT true: A men are more likely to be high-risk drinkers than women >B students from the Southeast are more likely to be high-risk drinkers than students from the Northeast C white men are more likely to be high-risk drinkers than black men D women are less likely to be high-risk drinkers than men 23: Alcohol can increase the chances of: A contracting a sexually-transmitted disease B having sex unwillingly or with an unwilling partner C damaging relationships ->D all of the above 24: What proportion of frequent high-risk drinkers report having driven after drinking: A 17% B 37% ->C 57% D none of the above 25: Which of the following is true:A the percentage of American college students who are frequent high-risk drinkers has increased over the years B the percentage of American college students who are non-drinkers has increased over the years ->C both a and b D neither a or b 26: When partying, someone can reduce their risk of experiencing negative consequences caused by alcohol by: A keeping track of how many drinks they have had B making sure someone who isn’t drinking controls the car keys C using cups or glasses that contain ordinary/standard sizes of drinks ->D all of the above 7: Alcohol-induced blackouts are the result of alcohol’s effect on which part of the brain: ->A hippocampus B frontal lobes C hypothalamus D all of the above 28: How quickly does the body eliminate, or get rid of, alcohol: ->A 0. 015% per hour B 0. 025% per hour C 0. 15% per hour D none of the above 29: It is illegal to drive if someone of legal drinking age has a blood al cohol concentration (BAC) of: A . 04% or above B . 06% or above ->C . 08% or above D 1. 0% or above 30: Which of the following is a sign of an alcohol overdose: A impairments in balance B difficulty breathingC unconsciousness ->D all of the above Page 3, Questions 30-40: ———————— 31: When alcohol is involved in a possible sexual assault: A the person who committed the sexual assault cannot be held fully accountable for their actions B the person who experienced the sexual assault must bear some responsibility for what happened ->C alcohol consumption does not change the nature of the crime D both a and b 32: In a national study, what proportion of students reported having their sleep or studying disrupted by someone who was consuming alcohol: A 1 out of 10B 1 out of 5 ->C 2 out of 3 D 4 out of 5 33: A key contributor to a headache as a symptom of a hangover is: A the increased stimulation related to alcohol’s effect on t he nucleus accumbens B the loss of balance related to alcohol’s effect on the cerebellum C dehydration related to alcohol’s effect on the hypothalamus ->D all of the above 34: In the past decade, the proportion of students who drink with the intention of getting drunk has: A decreased B remained the same ->C increased D is unknown 5: About what percentage of sexual assaults (including rapes) on college campuses involve the use of alcohol by either or all people involved: A 30% B 40% C 50% ->D 60% 36: Alcohol addiction is: A a physiological and psychological dependency on alcohol B another name for alcoholism C a disease ->D all of the above 37: Drugs such as GHB and Rohypnol when combined with alcohol can: A cause sedation and amnesia B cause unconsciousness or even death C increase one’s vulnerability to sexual assault ->D all of the above 8: In one study, researchers found that students were actually consuming more alcohol than they realized when they were dri nking wine or mixed drinks. How much more alcohol were students consuming than they realized when they had mixed drinks? A 22% B 42% C 72% ->D 92% 39: It is most accurate to say that growing up in a home where parents drank excessively: ->A affects attitudes toward alcohol but it is difficult to predict how B leads to abstinence C leads to alcohol abuse D has no effect on attitudes toward alcohol 40: Drinking games can make it difficult to drink safely because: A there is a competitive aspect involvedB it is hard to keep track of how much alcohol has been consumed C they disrupt plans to pace drinking ->D all of the above *Q1) Which of the following is NOT true: a) hazing is illegal in most states –>b) taking someone else's prescription drugs is safe since they are legal drugs c) mixing prescription drugs and alcohol is dangerous d) a and c *Q1. 1) Which of the following is NOT true: a) taking someone else's prescription drugs is safe since they are legal drugs b) hazing is n ot illegal in most states c) mixing prescription drugs and alcohol is dangerous –>d) a and bQ2) About what percentage of sexual assaults (including rapes) on college campuses involve the use of alcohol by perpetrator, victim, or both: a) 20% b) 30% c) 40% –>d) 50% Q3) In a national study, what proportion of students reported having their sleep or studying disrupted by someone who was consuming alcohol: a) 1 out of 5 b) 2 out of 5 –>c) 2 out of 3 d) none of the above Q4) To reduce the risk of an alcohol overdose, one should: a) keep track of how many drinks they have had b) be aware of their BAC level to reduce their risk c) know what and how much they are drinking ->d) all of the above *Q5) Which part(s) of the brain, when impaired by alcohol, play an important role in learning: –>a) frontal lobes b) nucleus accumbens c) hypothalamus d) all of the above *Q5. 1) Which part(s) of the brain, when impaired by alcohol, play an important role in learning: a) nu cleus accumbens b) hypothalamus –>c) hippocampus d) all of the above *Q5. 2) Which part(s) of the brain, when impaired by alcohol, play an important role in learning: a) hippocampus and hypothalamus –>b) frontal lobes and hippocampus c) hypothalamus and frontal lobes ) nucleus accumbens and hippocampus *Q6) A key contributor to a headache as a symptom of a hangover is: a) the increased stimulation related to alcohol's effect on the nucleus accumbens b) the inability to form new memories related to alcohol's effect on the frontal lobes c) the loss of balance related to alcohol's effect on the cerebellum –>d) none of the above *Q6. 1) A key contributor to a headache as a symptom of a hangover is: a) the increased stimulation related to alcohol's effect on the nucleus accumbens –>b) dehydration related to alcohol's effect on the hypothalamus c) the oss of balance related to alcohol's effect on the cerebellum d) all of the above Q7) Women absorb alcohol faste r than men because: a) they tend to weigh less b) they have more of an enzyme in their stomach c) they have more body water –>d) all of the above *Q8) Which of the following factors influences blood alcohol concentration (BAC): a) vomiting b) eating certain foods –>c) weight d) all of the above *Q8. 1) Which of the following factors influences blood alcohol concentration (BAC): a) height –>b) weight c) vomiting d) all of the aboveQ9) Sign(s) of an alcohol overdose include: a) skin being bright red and hot –>b) being in a semiconscious state c) breathing being abnormally fast d) a and b *Q10) What percentage of alcohol consumed each year in the U. S. is consumed by people who are underage: a) 10% –>b) 20% c) 30% d) none of the above *Q10. 1) What percentage of alcohol consumed each year in the U. S. is consumed by people who are underage: a) 10% b) 15% –>c) 20% d) none of the above *Q10. 2) What percentage of alcohol consumed each year in the U. S. s consumed by people who are underage: a) 5% b) 10% c) 15% –>d) none of the above *Q11) When partying, someone can reduce their risk by: a) knowing how much alcohol someone has put in their mixed drink b) never leaving the drink unattended c) alternating your drinks with non-alcoholic drinks –>d) all of the above *Q11. 1) When partying, tips for staying safe include: a) keeping track of how many drinks have been consumed b) never leaving the drink unattended c) avoid rapid increases in BAC levels –>d) all of the above Q12) Students on spring break: ) are not legally accountable for their actions out of their campus jurisdiction –>b) may drink more heavily or in a riskier way than usual because they are in a different setting surrounded by new people c) both a and b d) neither a or b Q13) Attitudes about drinking can be influenced by the home environment if: a) a parent is an alcoholic b) both parents abstain from drinking c) drinking alcohol was co mmon but in moderation –>d) all of the above Q14) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic that may predispose someone (or increase their susceptibility) to alcohol addiction: –>a) gender ) genetic makeup c) the age at which a person first uses alcohol d) brain chemistry Q15) High-risk drinking is defined differently for women (4 drinks in an occasion) than for men (5 drinks in an occasion) because: a) women have less of an enzyme in their stomach b) women absorb alcohol faster than men c) women tend to weigh less than men –>d) all of the above Q16) Effects in judgment are caused by alcohol's impact on which part of the brain: a) hypothalamus b) cerebellum –>c) frontal lobes d) none of the above Q17) Which of the following is a consequence of alcohol consumption: a) reduced inhibitions ) poor decision-making c) reduced ability to form new memories –>d) all of the above Q18) In order to help a person keep track of one's blood alcohol concentra tion (BAC), one should: a) know exactly what they are drinking b) should consider the size of the cup c) keep track of how much they have had to drink –>d) all of the above *Q19) A blackout: a) typically occurs at a BAC of 0. 05-0. 10% –>b) is when a person is unable to remember what they did while they were drinking c) is caused by an impairment of the frontal lobes d) all of the above *Q19. 1) A blackout: ) typically occurs at a BAC of 0. 10-0. 15% b) is when a person is unable to form new memories about what happened while they were drinking c) is caused by an impairment of the hippocampus –>d) all of the above *Q19. 2) A blackout is: a) passing out –>b) not being able to form new memories about what happened when drinking c) being able to remember wat happened when prompted d) none of the above Q20) Which of the following is a potential warning sign that someone is addicted to alcohol: a) drinking more than intended b) thinking about drinking througho ut the day c) lying about drinking ->d) all of the above Q21) The long-term damage to the ability to learn and remember can happen at what level of drinking: a) as few as two drinks a week –>b) as few as three drinks per day c) as few as six drinks per day d) none of the above *Q22) Which of the following is true about learning: a) it is not influenced by the individual student –>b) learning can be affected by other students' consumption of alcohol c) it typically takes five to six drinks to interfere with the ability to take in new information d) all of the above *Q22. 1) Which of the following is true about learning: ) it may take as few as one or two drinks of alcohol to interfere with the ability to take in new information b) it is strongly influenced by the individual learner c) learning can be affected by other students' consumption of alcohol –>d) all of the above Q23) How quickly does the body eliminate, or get rid of, alcohol: –>a) 0. 015% per ho ur b) 0. 025% per hour c) 0. 15% per hour d) none of the above Q24) Adolescent alcohol abusers have shown impairments in cognitive functions: a) through the first 24 hours after their last drink b) through the first 48 hours after their last drink ) for at least 5 days after their last drink –>d) for at least 3 weeks after their last drink Q25) In general, as alcohol consumption goes up: a) students' grades tend to come down b) students are more likely to miss class c) students are more likely to get behind in their school work –>d) all of the above *Q26) When combined with alcohol, GHB and Rohypnol can cause a) a temporary increase in one's sex drive, thereby making one more likely to want sex b) one to be more aggressive, thereby more likely to make sexual advances –>c) sedation and amnesia, making one vulnerable to sexual assault d) none of the above Q26. 1) GHB and Rohypnol, especially when combined with alcohol: a) decrease inhibitions, thereby making one m ore likely to want sex –>b) cause severe sedation, making one vulnerable to sexual assault c) make others appear more attractive, thereby making one more interested in sex d) none of the above Q27) What is the percentage of American college students who are frequent high-risk drinkers: –>a) 23% b) 33% c) 43% d) none of the above *Q28) A standard drink is: a) 12-ounce beer, 5-ounce glass of wine, or 2 ounces of liquor b) 16-ounce beer, 6-ounce glass of wine, or 1. ounces of liquor –>c) 12-ounce beer, 5-ounce glass of wine, or 1. 5 ounces of liquor d) 12-ounce beer, 5-ounce malt beverage, or 2 ounces of liquor *Q28. 1) A standard drink is: a) 16-ounce beer b) 12-ounce malt beverage c) 6-ounce glass of wine –>d) none of the above *Q28. 2) A standard drink is: a) 12-ounce beer b) 5-ounce glass of wine c) 1. 5 ounces of liquor –>d) all of the above *Q28. 3) A standard drink is: a) 12 oz. beer (5% alcohol), 12 oz. wine cooler (4% alcohol), 3 oz. liquor ( 40% alcohol) –>b) 12 oz. beer (5% alcohol), 5 oz. wine (12% alcohol), 1. oz. liquor (40% alcohol) c) 16 oz. beer (5% alcohol), 5 oz. wine (12% alcohol), 3 oz. liquor (40% alcohol) d) 12 oz. malt liquor (6% alcohol), 12 oz. wine (12% alcohol), 1. 5 oz. liquor (30% alcohol) e) 16 oz. beer (5% alcohol), 5 oz wine (10% alcohol), 1. 5 oz. liquor 40% alcohol) Q29) Based on recent studies at American colleges, what percentage of students choose not to drink: a) 15% –>b) 20% c) 25% d) None of the above Q30) Someone with a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) range of 0. 10-0. 15 would experience which of the following: a) slurred speech ) problems with motor coordination c) a lack of awareness of how impaired they are –>d) all of the above Q31) Which of the following is true about someone experiencing a potential alcohol overdose: a) the best thing to do is sleep it off b) they should eat something to absorb the alcohol –>c) they may still have alcohol in their syst em that is getting absorbed d) all of the above Q32) Which of the following statements is NOT true: a) white men are more likely to be high-risk drinkers than black men b) men are more likely to be high-risk drinkers than women ->c) students from the Southeast are more likely to be high-risk drinkers than students from the Northeast d) women are less likely to be high-risk drinkers than men *Q33) Although drinking has been common on college campuses for a long time: a) the percentage of non- drinkers has increased b) the proportion of students who drink with the intention of getting drunk has increased –>c) both a and b d) neither a or b *Q33. 1) Although drinking has been common on college campuses for many years: a) the percentage of non- drinkers has decreased ->b) the proportion of students who drink with the intention of getting drunk has increased c) both a and b d) neither a or b *Q34) Which of the following statement(s) reflect what is generally found to be true on co llege campuses: a) members of Greek-letter organizations tend to drink more than non-Greeks b) athletes tend to drink more than non-athletes c) underage students tend to drink less often than students of legal drinking age –>d) all of the above *Q34. 1) Which of the following statement(s) reflect what is generally found to be true on college campuses: a) athletes tend to drink less than non-athletes ->b) members of Greek-letter organizations tend to drink more than non-Greeks c) underage students tend to drink more often than students of legal drinking age d) b and c *Q34. 2) Which of the following statements reflects what is generally found to be true on college campuses: a) athletes tend to drink less than non-athletes b) members of Greek-letter organizations tend to drink less than non-Greeks –>c) underage students tend to drink less often than students of legal drinking age d) none of the above Q35) Alcohol can increase the chances of: a) having sex unwillingly or with an unwilling partner b) contracting a sexually-transmitted disease –>c) both a and b d) neither a or b *Q35. 1) Alcohol can increase the chances of: a) contracting a sexually-transmitted disease b) having sex unwillingly or with an unwilling partner c) damaging relationships –>d) all of the above Q36) Alcohol-induced blackouts are the result of alcohol's effect on which part of the brain: a) frontal lobes –>b) hippocampus c) hypothalamus d) cerebellumQ37) When alcohol is involved in a possible sexual assault: a) there are lighter penalties because alcohol was involved –>b) the nature of the crime does not change c) the higher the BAC level, the more able some one is to give consent d) both a and c *Q38) As found in recent studies, people who think they are drinking alcohol (but are not) report: a) feeling happier b) feeling sexier c) finding other people more attractive –>d) all of the above *Q38. 1) As found in recent studies, people who thin k they are drinking alcohol (but are not) report: a) feeling sad –>b) finding other people more attractive ) feeling aggressive d) all of the above Q39) It is illegal to drive if someone of legal drinking age has a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of: a) . 05% or above b) . 06% or above c) . 07% or above –>d) . 08% or above *Q40) Which of the following is true about drinking and driving: a) as long as someone is under the legal limit it is safe to drive –>b) it is one of the leading causes of death among college campuses c) no matter who you are, it is legal to drive with a BAC of less than 0. 08 d) all of the above *Q40. 1) Which of the following is NOT true about drinking and driving: a) it s one of the leading causes of death among college students –>b) as long as someone is under the legal limit it is safe to drive c) if under 21, it is illegal to drive with any measurable amount of alcohol in one's blood system d) b and c Q41) Based on recent studie s at American colleges, what percentage of students consume alcohol at least once during a typical month: a) 50-60% b) 60-70% –>c) 70-80% d) 80-90% Q42) Research shows that the brain: a) has essentially finished developing prior to puberty b) has essentially finished developing by the 18 years of age –>c) continues to develop into young adulthood ) none of the above Q43) In all states, for someone who is under 21, it is illegal to drive if their blood alcohol concentration (BAC) is: –>a) greater than 0 b) 0. 04% or above c) 0. 06% or above d) 0. 08% or above Q44) High-risk drinking is defined as: a) 5 or more drinks on an occasion for women b) 6 or more drinks on an occasion for men –>c) neither a or b d) both a and b Q45) The initial effect of pleasant comfortable feelings is caused by alcohol's impact on which part of the brain: –>a) nucleus accumbens b) frontal lobes c) hypothalamus d) none of the aboveQ46) About what percentage of rapes on coll ege campuses involve the use of alcohol by either or all people involved: a) 30% b) 60% –>c) 90% d) none of the above Q47) Alcohol addiction is: a) a physiological and psychological dependency on alcohol b) another name for alcoholism c) a disease –>d) all of the above *Q48) It is most accurate to say that growing up in a home where alcohol use was strictly forbidden: a) leads to abstinence b) leads to alcohol abuse c) has no effect on attitudes toward alcohol –>d) affects attitudes toward alcohol but it is difficult to predict how *Q48. ) It is most accurate to say that growing up in a home where parents drank excessively: –>a) affects attitudes toward alcohol but it is difficult to predict how b) leads to abstinence c) leads to alcohol abuse d) has no effect on attitudes toward alcohol Q49) Alcohol's negative effect on academic performance is because of: a) interference with the ability to process new information b) hangovers leading to missed classes c ) memory difficulty –>d) all of the above Q50) What is the primary way that the body eliminates, or gets rid of, alcohol: a) stomach –>b) through the liver c) both a and b ) neither a or b Q51) Light beer†¦ –>a) Has less calories than regular beer. b) Has less alcohol than regular beer. c) Has less carbs than regular beer. d) Has less calories and carbs than regular beer. e) Has less calories, carbs, and alcohol than regular beer. Q52) â€Å"Proof† is.. a) The percentage of alcohol in a drink (twice the alcohol content). b) ID showing that you're 21. –>c) The content of alcohol in a drink (twice the percent). d) How much of a certain type of alcohol you can drink until you BAC is too high. e) The year the alcohol was bottled. Q53) The following factors can influence you BAC: ->a) Sex, weight, how much food you've eaten before drinking b) Sex, weight, family history c) Sex, family history type of alcohol you're drinking d) Weight, family histor y, how much food you've eaten before drinking e) Weight, family history, type of alcohol you're drinking Q54) â€Å"BAC† stands for: a) The breath test that police give a driver if they suspect him/her of driving under the influence –>b) Blood Alcohol Concentration c) Blood Absolute Content d) Breathe Alcohol Concentration e) Blood Absolute Concentration Q55) You can keep your BAC from getting too high by: a) Eating greasy foods. b) Vomiting c) Taking a shower ) Getting some fresh air –>e) Pacing your drinks Q56) If alcohol has an effect on the frontal lobes, you might see a difference in which of the following list of functions? a) Impulse control, walking, planning, and memory formation. b) Impulse control, decision-making, speaking clearly, and memory formation. c) Impulse control, walking, speaking clearly, and planning. d) Walking, decision-making, planning, and memory formation. –>e) Impulse control, decision-making, planning, and memory formation. Q57) Not being able to remember what happened at a party could be due to alcohol's impact on the: a) premotor cortex b) temporal lobes ) cerebral cortex d) frontal lobes –>e) hippocampus Q58) Some of the possible effects of hangovers are: a) nausea, fatigue, and forgetting what happened the night before. b) headache, hunger, and sensitivity to light. –>c) nausea, fatigue, and sensitivity to light. d) nausea, hunger, and fatigue. e) dehydration, fatigue, and forgetting what happened the night before. Q59) The more alcohol you drink, the more fluid you lose – and the more fluid you lose, the worse your hangover headache. –>a) True b) False Q60) Which of the following influences the likelihood that a student will drink heavily while in college: a) sex ) race/ethnicity c) geographic location of the school –>d) all of the above Q61) If someone is showing signs of an alcohol overdose, you should: –>a) not leave them alone b) get them something to eat c) have them take a cold shower d) all of the above Q62) If a man and a woman who weigh the same consume the same amount of alcohol: a) the man's BAC will be higher in part because men have more body water –>b) the women's BAC will be higher in part because men have more body water c) the man's BAC will be higher in part because men have less body water d) their BAC levels would be the same Q63) In one study, researchers found that students were actually consuming more alcohol than they realized when they were drinking wine or mixed drinks. How much more alcohol were students consuming than they realized when they had wine? a) 13% b) 23% –>c) 53% d) 73% *Q63. 1) In one study, researchers found that students were actually consuming more alcohol than they realized when they were drinking wine or mixed drinks. How much more alcohol were students consuming than they realized when they had mixed drinks? a) 22% b) 42% c) 72% –>d) 92%Q64) In a recent study, approxi mately what percentage of college students at a major university reported having experienced a blackout: a) 15% b) 25% –>c) 45% d) 55% Q65) Which of the following is affected by alcohol consumption: a) learning and memory b) decision-making and judgment c) motivation and attention –>d) all of the above Q66) Which of the following is NOT true about sexual assault: a) the higher the BAC level, the less able someone is to give consent b) the person who experienced the sexual assault, if drinking, is partially responsible for what happened c) not saying â€Å"no† is equivalent to giving consent ->d) both b and c Q67) Which of the following should increase your concern that someone has a possible addiction to alcohol: a) they participate less in activities they used to enjoy b) they become more isolated c) they seem to be more insensitive to the effects of their drinking on others –>d) all of the above Q68) Alcohol contributes to which of the following: a) vio lence b) riots c) hazing –>d) all of the above Q69) In a national study, what proportion of students reported being pushed, hit, or assaulted by someone who was consuming alcohol: a) 1 out of 20 ->b) 1 out of 10 c) 1 out of 5 d) none of the above Q70) Which of the following decreases the chances of an alcohol overdose: a) alternating your drinks with non-alcoholic beverages b) setting a personal limit of how many drinks will be consumed c) eating before and during drinking –>d) all of the above Q71) Memory, judgment, and decision-making are first impaired at which of the following blood alcohol concentration (BAC) levels: a) 0. 01-0. 05% –>b) 0. 05-0. 10% c) 0. 10-0. 15% d) none of the above Q72) Which of the following is NOT true about hazing: ) it is illegal in most states b) it often involves alcohol –>c) it is a good way to build unity among new members d) a and c Q73) Drinking games can make it difficult to drink safely because: a) there is a competi tive aspect involved b) it is hard to keep track of how much alcohol has been consumed c) they disrupt plans to pace drinking –>d) all of the above Q74) Which of the following is a sign of an alcohol overdose: a) impairments in balance b) difficulty breathing c) unconsciousness –>d) all of the aboveQ75) How many standard drinks does it take before learning (the ability to take in new information) may be affected: –>a) as few as one or two drinks b) as few as two or three drinks c) as few as three or four drinks d) none of the above Q76) The possibility of alcohol having a long-term effect on the ability to learn and to make decisions is increased by: a) drinking as teenagers b) drinking as young adults c) repeated heavy drinking –>d) all of the above Q77) In the past decade, the proportion of students who drink with the intention of getting drunk has: a) decreased ) remained the same –>c) increased d) is unknown Q78) Which of the following factors increases the concentration of alcohol someone consumes from drinking one standard drink: a) weighing more b) eating certain foods –>c) having less body water d) none of the above Q79) What proportion of frequent high-risk drinkers report having driven after drinking: a) 17% b) 37% –>c) 57% d) none of the above Q80) Drugs such as GHB and Rohypnol when combined with alcohol can: a) cause sedation and amnesia b) cause unconsciousness or even death c) increase one’s vulnerability to sexual assault ->d) all of the above Q81) Someone would report experiencing energized or stimulated at the following blood alcohol concentration (even though in actuality their brain activity may be slowing down): –>a) 0. 01-0. 05% b) 0. 05-0. 10% c) 0. 10-0. 15% d) none of the above Q82) Which of the following is true: a) the percentage of American college students who are frequent high-risk drinkers has increased over the years b) the percentage of American college students who are non-drinkers has increased over the years –>c) both a and b d) neither a or b

Broken Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers, Research Papers

Broken Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers, Research Papers Broken Love lost can be found, if just in a dream, The wash of sleep is welcomed so it can begin, A dream of what has now wilted, Before it can begin however, my mind seems to wander, I wonder how it happened, when did our love die, I ponder? And as my heart shatters against my reality, Like crystal against steel, I give in to the feelings of self-pity, Of hopelessness and dread. I wish for a dream to drown these feelings, Yet if it is to forever be just in a dream, Then nevermore will I be willing to give my heart away To another who could hurt me this way. Does this make me a coward? Refusing to play a game with such cruelty and power. Should I journey into this game again? Should I refuse to play at all? Still, how will I know until I begin. For now, pain is my pillow, not at all comfortable, For I am not brave enough to begin the journey, not just yet. Anthony Coots Copyright 2001 Anthony Coots

The Thoughts of Carl Jung Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Thoughts of Carl Jung - Essay Example Carl Gustav Jung was born in 1875 on the Swiss shore of Lake Constance to Paul and Emilie Jung, a village pastor and the youngest daughter of a famous-but-eccentric theologian (Stevens, 2001, p. 2). Jung's father died when he was still in school and, although his first career choice was that of a medical doctor, he was precluded from pursuing this career path due to the fact that he could not afford to do so; he opted instead, to go to work as an assistant at the Bergholzli asylum proximate to Zurich (Daniels, 2003, p. 24). He met and developed a friendship with Sigmund Freud, with whom he corresponded often until a series of philosophical and perceptive differences caused the break (Stevens, 2001, pp. 18-24). He married and had a family and, although seemingly happy with his wife Emma, nevertheless engaged in several well-documented affairs. After World War I, he spent much of his time traveling and writing much of the work we have today. He died in 1961. There are many aspects of Jung's life and experiences that can be seen in his subsequent work; so much so that they lie far beyond the scope of this paper. There are a few, however, that should be mentioned to provide context for the theories and his contribution to society which follow. The first is the environment in which Jung developed. In speaking of the period of time between the 1870s and 1930s, one author notes that "the major disciplinary and theoretical forms of modern psychology and psychotherapy were established" (Shamdasani, 2003, p. 10). It was in this culture of change and development that Jung went to school, spent nine years at the Bergholzli asylum, formed and broke his relationship with Freud, had his many dreams and near-psychotic breaks, and generally formed the foundations of his thinking. Many of his theories, three of which are named below, can be traced to this developmental era of re-thinking the philosophy and science of psychology. Another event in Jung's life that bears mention is his relationship with his mother. Specifically when, as a young boy who slept with his father (his parents kept separate bedrooms), she had a breakdown "for which she had to spend several months in the hospital, and this enforced separation at a critical stage in his development seems to have affected Jung for the rest of his life" (Stevens, 2001, p. 3). This maternal separation seemed to have had a great influence on his concept of "anima (the female complex in his unconscious)", and is cited as a possible reason for his numerous affairs as well as his apparent habit of surrounding himself with women (Stevens, 2001, pp. 26-27). A third influential event would have to be his six year correspondence and friendship with Sigmund Freud. As Jung developed from student to an independent thinker, he was often suppressed by Freud, particularly when his ideas expanded

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Infomation system management exam - Essay Example Overall, companies need to use data mining in order to enhance their customer relationship management (CRM) skills. Analysis needs to focus for the company, upon any problems that its customers may be having. This is one of the basic marketing rules of customer service in action. The present analysis therefore advocates the position that not only should these standards become lucrative trade-offs. â€Å"Current emphasis on customer relationship management makes the marketing function an ideal application area to greatly benefit from the use of data mining tools for decision support. A systematic methodology that uses data mining and knowledge management techniques is proposed to manage the marketing knowledge and support marketing decisions† (Data, 2010). Another solution is to use Customer Relationship Management to market more effectively and reach the client better. â€Å"When customer relationship management CRM) came on the health scene approximately six years ago, some viewed it with skepticism and primarily saw it as a way to refine rather than reinvent marketing. More progressive marketers adopted the CRM techniques of compiling all consumer and market data into a centralized database and used data mining to more narrowly define target audiences based on characteristics rather than general demographics† (Paddison, 2004). Yet another solution could focus more on the management of the company than the client, and highlight management having a working knowledge of marketing and being able to work with marketers and consultants in a proactive manner that reflects the abovementioned external dynamism of the IT market. Data mining is advocated by companies. In terms of environment that are narrowly defined by marketing parameters, the local market offers expanded opportunities that should be taken advantage of by the